A study review on mobile ad-hoc network: Characteristics, applications, challenges and routing protocols classification

Abstract Nowadays, the innovation is growing quickly. especially gadgets like laptop, cell phone and remote sensorMobile due to its features like lightweight and mobility. Ad-hoc network is a self-configuring network that allows nodes to communicate with each other. MANET is a dynamic topology that changes when nodes move in different speed to communicate with another node. Those nodes in MANET can join and leave the network at any time. Since MANET is decentralized base, routing is considered the major issue that accrues in MANET. In this paper, a study review on MANET and its proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols are presented. This paper also includes the challenges of MANET and its applications