Scientific Research

Abstract:The fourth common reason of death among patients is gastric cancer (GC) and it is a dominant tumor type in Ease Asia. One of the problems in GC therapy is chemoresistance. Cisplatin (CP) is a platinum compound that causes DNA damage in reducing tumor progression and viability of cancer cells. However, due to hyperactivation of drug efflux pumps, dysregulation of genes and interactions in tumor microenvironment, tumor cells can develop resistance to CP chemotherapy. The current review focuses on the CP resistance emergence in GC cells with emphasizing on molecular pathways, pharmacological compounds for reversing chemoresistance and the role of nanostructures. Changes in cell death mechanisms such as upregulation of pro-survival autophagy can prevent CP-mediated apoptosis that results in drug resistance. Moreover, increase in metastasis via EMT induction induces CP resistance. Dysregulation of molecular pathways such as PTEN, PI3K/Akt, Nrf2 and others result in changes in CP response of GC cells. Non-coding RNAs determine CP response of GC cells and application of pharmacological compounds with activity distinct of CP can result in sensitivity in tumor cells. Due to efficacy of exosomes in transferring bioactive molecules such as RNA and DNA molecules among GC cells, exosomes can also result in CP resistance. One of the newest progresses in overcoming CP resistance in GC is application of nanoplatforms for delivery of CP in GC therapy that they can increase accumulation of CP at tumor site and by suppressing carcinogenic factors and overcoming biological barriers, they increase CP toxicity on cancer cells.

Abstract: Unlike other types of networks, a MANET is self-configuring and does not need centralized management. Anywhere and at any moment, a MANET may be established. Mobile ad hoc networks have recently seen an uptick in the study. In many parts of the globe, Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are frequently utilized since they can communicate without the usage of a fixed network. They’ve got it in them. This table compares and examines the most current findings on gray and black hole evolution. This includes a look at the approaches and processes that were used as well as our findings.

Abstract Nowadays, the innovation is growing quickly. especially gadgets like laptop, cell phone and remote sensorMobile due to its features like lightweight and mobility. Ad-hoc network is a self-configuring network that allows nodes to communicate with each other. MANET is a dynamic topology that changes when nodes move in different speed to communicate with another node. Those nodes in MANET can join and leave the network at any time. Since MANET is decentralized base, routing is considered the major issue that accrues in MANET. In this paper, a study review on MANET and its proactive, reactive and hybrid routing protocols are presented. This paper also includes the challenges of MANET and its applications

Abstract With the dramatic expansion of image information nowadays, image processing and computer visions are playing a significant role in terms of several applications such as image classification, image segmentation, pattern recognition, and image retrieval. One of the important features that have been used in many image applications is texture. The texture is the characteristic of a set of pixels that formed the image. Therefore, analyzing such texture would have a significant impact on segmenting the image or detecting important portions of such image. This paper aims to overview the feature extraction and description techniques depicted in the literature to characterize regions for images. In particular, two of popular descriptors will be examined including local binary pattern (LBP) and gabor filter. The key characteristic behind such investigation lies in how the features of an image would contribute toward the process of recognition and image classification. In this regard, an extensive discussion is provided on both LBP and Gabor descriptors along with the efforts that have been intended to combine them. The reason behind investigating these descriptors is that they are considered the most common local and global descriptors used in the literature. The overall aim of this survey is to show current trends on using, modifying and adapting these descriptors in the domain of image processing.

Abstract MANET wireless network changes network topology continuously and dynamically due to the absence of infrastructure and central control. Typically, this network used for areas where unavailable basic communications services such as battlefield, emergency relief, and virtual classes. However, ad hoc networks exposed to different attacks as in malicious or selfish nodes that impede packets delivery. A new algorithm proposed of the MANET using a fuzzy logic system to solve malicious nodes problem. The routing algorithm relies on two main principles as trust level and shortest path (hops count). The finding obtained from three key parameters as high packet delivery fraction with low end-to-end delay and normalized routing load in this study. These results calculated based on the comparison between the FLTS algorithm with AODV protocol and without a drop.

Abstract Retraction: [Kadda Hachem, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Moaed E. Al-Gazally, Yassine Riadi, Ghulam Yasin, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohammed Mustafa Abdulkadhm, Marwan Mahmood Saleh, Mohammed N. Fenjan, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji, Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by magnetic chitosan-salicylaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and antibacterial activity, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2022, 69, 512-521 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jccs.202100507)].
The above article published online on 18 January 2022 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202100507), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Jye-Shane Yang, the Chemical Society Located in Taipei, and Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party regarding authorship for sale. During the publication process, the authors list was systematically and substantially manipulated. Unambiguous evidence was found that the majority of contributors do not fulfill contributorship criteria for this manuscript.

Abstract Retraction: [Kadda Hachem, Saade Abdalkareem Jasim, Moaed E. Al-Gazally, Yassine Riadi, Ghulam Yasin, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Mohammed Mustafa Abdulkadhm, Marwan Mahmood Saleh, Mohammed N. Fenjan, Yasser Fakri Mustafa, Aliakbar Dehno Khalaji, Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) by magnetic chitosan-salicylaldehyde Schiff base: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study and antibacterial activity, J. Chin. Chem. Soc. 2022, 69, 512-521 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jccs.202100507)].
The above article published online on 18 January 2022 in Wiley Online Library (https://doi.org/10.1002/jccs.202100507), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Jye-Shane Yang, the Chemical Society Located in Taipei, and Wiley-VCH GmbH, Weinheim. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation based on allegations raised by a third party regarding authorship for sale. During the publication process, the authors list was systematically and substantially manipulated. Unambiguous evidence was found that the majority of contributors do not fulfill contributorship criteria for this manuscript.

Abstract: This study presents an authentication security scheme for implementation on the Internet of Things (IoT). This scheme is reliant on the prevailing Internet standards, particularly on the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol. The reliance of this scheme on an existing standard facilitates the reuse of the existing engineering techniques, implementations, and security features in the new scheme, thereby enabling easy security uptake. The scheme proposed in this study is based on RSA, which is the commonly used public-key cryptographic framework. Its design supports execution over the standard communication stacks that offer UDP/IPv6 networking for 6LoWPANs. In this study, DTLS was implemented from the perspective of a systems framework. The feasibility of the scheme in terms of high interoperability and low overheads is also proven via several evaluations on a suitable hardware platform for IoT.

Abstract Unlike the central nervous system, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has an inherent capacity to regenerate following injury. However, in the case of large nerve defects where end-to-end cooptation of two nerve stumps is not tension-free, autologous nerve grafting is often utilized to bridge the nerve gaps. To address the challenges associated with autologous nerve grafting, neural guidance channels (NGCs) have been successfully translated into clinic. Furthermore, hydrogel-based drug delivery systems have been extensively studied for the repair of PNS injuries. There are numerous biomaterial options for the production of NGCs and hydrogels. Among different candidates, alginate has shown promising results in PNS tissue engineering. Alginate is a naturally occurring polysaccharide which is biocompatible, non-toxic, non-immunogenic, and possesses modifiable properties. In the current review, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of alginate-based NGCs and hydrogels in the repair of PNS injuries will be discussed.

Abstract:
The paper is devoted to the development of a computational technique for assessing the performance of tissue regeneration in an experiment using mesh nickel-titanium implants with shape memory. Observational data obtained from electron microscopy and classical histological examination are processed and analyzed by the use of proprietary algorithms and their modifications. This can significantly facilitate the procedure of data analysis and increase the accuracy of the estimates by 5–10%. As a computational method for examining the dynamics of the studied process and determining the internal geometrical characteristics of empirical images of objects concerned, the suggested technique includes algorithms of shearlet transform, wavelet transform and construction of elastic maps for efficient visualization of spatial data. The significant part of the recommended method is the computing means of visual data preprocessing for increasing the brightness and contrast of the examined images based on the Retinex technology. This part has a significant impact on the quality of applying the tools of the computer-based evaluation presented in this work.

Abstract: There are many difficulties and challenges involved in cars failure and malfunction diagnosis. The diagnosis process involves heuristic and complex series of activities and requires specific skills and expertise. A basic toolkit and assistance software are imperatives to help the car drivers to at least identify the source of car failure or malfunction, especially, when the location of the event does not permit immediate help. It enables the car driver to take an initiative in knowing the car condition and try to repeat the car. Expert systems are widely used to embody the diagnosis expertise into machines. However, improving the expert systems’ inferencing capability and diagnosis accuracy are still open research topics. Consequently, this paper proposes an agent-based inference engine for the car failure diagnosis expert system that is named automated car failure diagnosis assistance (ACFDA). The agents’ goal is to maximize the efficiency of the overall performance of the ACFDA system by deliberating a number of inferencing tasks and tuning the inferencing logical flow. Additionally, the agents’ collective effort provides reliable solutions that best fit the users’ inputs. The ACFDA system is experimentally tested by 15 relevant candidates. The test results show that the system efficiently and reliably performs the diagnosis to the most given car failure cases. The system can be integrated into cars or can be used as a separate gadget to assist the car drivers in car failure diagnosis and repair